The four principles of financial management
Principles of financial management is a code of conduct for financial management activities to manage their money in what should be subject to which a few principles, but there are different views: (1) the three principles on the principle of adaptation to the environment, the overall principle of optimization, profitability and corresponds to the principle of risk; 11 (2) Four Principles of cost-benefit principle, the risks and benefits of the principle of proportionality, the principle of rational allocation of resources, the principle of coordination of interests; 12 (3) the five principles of theory was summarized as the principle of maximizing the value, risk and income equilibrium principle, the principle of allocation of resources, interests coordination principle, the cost - benefit coordination with an interest in principles; 14 (4) six principles theory was described for the system principle, the principle of balance, flexibility principle, the principle of proportionality, the principle of optimization, the limitation principles, 15 was also described as the principle of rational allocation of funds, the account positive balance principle the principle of proportionality, cost-effective, revenue risk, grading the principle of decentralized management, interest in co-ordination principle, 16 was also described as the principle of equity, integrity of principle, the principle of planned
In order to eliminate differences, we believe that in the study financial management principles, to grasp the following points (1) principles of financial management should be between financial goals and financial management, we can not describe or explain financial goals, nor instructions on financial management. the above-mentioned principle of maximizing the value of principles of equity, financial position overall measure of principle, are a description of the financial goals; and classification principles of decentralized management, planning principles should belong to the scope of the financial management methods; (2) the principles of mutual contact. but should be a parallel relationship, can not cross, contains, or repeat the overall principle, the principle of proportionality, elastic principles, the environment to adapt to the principle of rational resource allocation principles may apply to include within the system policy, Zequan Li principle of combining, in accordance with the law financial principles are also included in the principle of coordination of interests; (3) The principle should be able to implement the whole process of financial management, also apply to fund-raising management turbotax 2011, investment management and distribution management. the above principles are basically done this; (4) the principle of should reflect the characteristics of the financial management of the above-mentioned principle of truthfulness, mainly exist as accounting principles, accounting now responsible for financial management to provide true and reliable financial information. In short, the summarized financial management principles, should have all-embracing, comprehensive and universality of this understanding
, we have the principle of financial management over summary, is to be re-summarized and be enriched.
(a) the principle
financial management is a subsystem of the enterprise management system, its own subsystem of the fund-raising management, investment management, distribution management to adhere to the system the principle of financial management, financial work, the starting point, specific requirements to do:
1 overall optimization of only the overall optimal system is the optimal system. financial management must proceed from the overall strategy is not financial but financial; financial management subsystem must focus on the financial goals of the entire enterprise, not the interests of the various departments should be subject to the overall interests of the enterprise.
2. structural optimization of any system is a certain hierarchy level in the enterprise resource allocation should be noted that the mix of optimization, thus ensuring the overall optimization, such as carrying capital structure, asset structure, distribution structure (ratio) optimization.
3 environmental adaptation ability, financial management systems in the financial environment, we must maintain appropriate flexibility to adapt to changes in the environment, to achieve (inflows) and cash disbursements (outflow) in the number of time a dynamic equilibrium, the cash flow balance. basic approach is to keep the cash break-even cash budget control. cash budget can be said that the funding plan, investment plan, distribution plan overall balance, and thus the cash budget is an effective tool for cash flow control.
(c) cost - benefit - risk tradeoff the principle
in the financial management process, to earn money, he will have to pay the cost, and risk, so always contact each other between the costs, benefits, risks and mutual restraint. financial officer must firmly establish the concept of the trinity of costs, benefits, risks, and to guide the specific financial management activities. specific requirements are as follows:
cost, earnings weigh all the costs and benefits of trade-offs in the financial management and fund-raising management, capital cost and financing income tradeoffs; cost of investment and the trade-off of investment income in the long-term investment management, ; in working capital management, the benefits are difficult to quantify, but it should be the pursuit of the lowest cost; in the allocation of management in the pursuit of the smallest under the premise of allocation of management costs, and properly handle the various financial relationships.
2. benefits, risks weigh the basic relationship of the benefits and risks: high-yield, high risk; low income, low-risk, but should be noted that high risk does not necessarily bring high-yield, and sometimes even high losses. visible, carefully weighed the benefits and The risk is very important and very difficult to weigh the financial leverage, earnings and financial risk in the fund-raising management; to compare investment returns and investment risk in investment management; in the allocation of management to consider reinvested earnings this investment risk in the entire financial management quicken, revenue and risk trade-off problem everywhere three tradeoff
costs, benefits, risks. can not be separated in the financial management process, costs, earnings weigh weigh the benefits, risks, and the comprehensive trade-offs, cost, revenue, risk of all three should be used to guide the financial decisions and plans. trade-off that is, optimize the process of decision-making process that is optimized financial management quicken download, the optimization of the various programs, the overall (total) to optimize , structural optimization, and reflects the costs, benefits, risks three tradeoff.
(d) interest co-ordination principle
companies during the financial activities, can not be separated from the processing owner, creditors, business financial, staff, various departments of the content, the debtor, by the invested enterprise, the state (government), public and other stakeholders. From this perspective, the financial management process is a process of coordination of various interest. interest in coordination success or failure is directly related to the degree of financial management goals.
state laws and regulations, corporate contract (contract), the articles of association and internal financial management system, the specification of the companies deal with financial relationships. Therefore, the enterprise required by law to finance, not how any
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